Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Exploring The Character of Gertrude Lady Hamlet Essay Example For Students

Exploring The Character of Gertrude Lady Hamlet Essay The character of Gertrude in Shakespeares Hamlet is a very complex one, and as a character has many interpretations. The most common of these being that of a very sexual being, thinking only about her body, and physical, bodily pleasures. It is her sexual appetite that initially turns Hamlet against her so violently. Her marriage to Claudius a mere few months after the death of Hamlets father is sudden and shocking, to both Hamlet and the audience. This marriage has soured the relationship between mother and son, and Hamlet is disgusted with Gertrude, Ere yet the salt of most unrighteous tears, Had left the flushing her galled eyes, She married. O most wicked speed, to post, With such dexterity to incestuous sheets The shock of her marriage to Claudius in such a short time after King Hamlets death gives the impression that the pair were partaking in an illicit relationship while the King was still alive. The theory is emphasised when the Ghost relays to Hamlet more disturbing information about his mother, Ay, that incestuous, that adulterate beast. The use of the word adulterate can be read to assume that Gertrude was Claudius lover before the Kings death. This would make Gertrude a much more loathsome character than she is, however throughout the rest of the play there is no mention of this adultery, and therefore not enough evidence for this interpretation to be taking too seriously. The definition of the word adulterate is to make impure by addition, and the Ghost is saying that Claudius has made his most seeming-virtuous queen impure. The reading that Gertrude was an adulteress would also have made her a much more important character in the play, perhaps assisting Claudius in the murder of King Hamlet, making her the villianess to Claudius villain. During the play, Claudius does not refer to her as his accomplice, nor does he confess anything to her, either protecting her through love, or simply covering his own back. Additionally, if Gertrude were indeed an accomplice in the murder of his father, Hamlet would have been more directly involved with her in the play in regard to his fathers murder. Yet when he confronts her in the famous closet scene and he announces all her crimes, he does not once imply she has committed adultery. Some scholars believe that there is evidence of an incestuous relationship between Gertrude and Hamlet, a view universalised by Sigmund Freuds Oedipus complex. In Freuds psychoanalytical theory of human development, he proposes the idea that all sons go through a phase in childhood where they see their fathers as a rival for their mothers affection and wish to establish a romantic relationship with their mothers. Freud explains that this desire is unconscious but if these feelings and desires are repressed, the boy make inadvertently preserve an unhealthy love for his mother. In Hamlets case, the complex is furthered by the death of his father. Hamlets repressed desire to take the place of his father in his mothers affection is usurped by Claudius, who instead takes this prestigious place. Hamlet also seems to have an obsession with the sexual relationship between Gertrude and Claudius, Not this, by no means, that I bid you: Let the bloat king tempt you again to bed. I feel this interpretation of Gertrude further emphasises her role as a sexual and sensual woman, capable of enticing all those men around her. It is hard to understand the deep devotion that Hamlet, his father and Claudius all have for Gertrude, but it is perhaps her way of surviving in the play. Gertrude can be interpreted as an almost trophy wife incapable of thinking and there merely for aesthetics, and is often described as dumb and dull by scholars and critics of Hamlet but this cannot be the case. Her intelligence, though not on the same philosophical level of thinking as her sons, nor the level of political thinking of Claudius, cannot be doubted. During the reign of her late husband, she was Denmarks beloved Queen, and after his death could have been cast into the shadows. But she managed to hold onto her position in the monarchy through her marriage to Claudius. The marriage can be interpreted as a motherly sacrifice by Gertrude, in order to preserve her sons right to the throne. Gertrude can also be seen as, perhaps more than any other characters in the play, the antithesis of her son. Hamlet Monologue EssayHe sees her, and her gender, as weak as her sexual needs are too strong, Frailty thy name is woman. Gertrudes good heart does not only care for the two men in her life, but for Ophelia as well, as she hoped that Ophelia would have eventually married Hamlet, I hoped thou shouldst have been my Hamlets wife and that his madness is a result of unrequited love. She shows great sympathy towards Ophelia when the young woman begins to lose her sanity, and great sadness at her death, portraying Gertrude as a kind hearted, compassionate woman, capable of great affection and tenderness. Her description of Ophelias death is some of the most beautiful, yet tragic words of the play, When down her weedy trophies and herself Fell in the weeping brook. Her clothes spread wide, And mermaid-like awhile they bore her up, Which time she chanted snatches of old tunes, As one incapable of her own distress, Or like a creature naive and indued Unto that element; but long it could not be Till that her garments, heavy with their drink. Pulled the poor wretch from her melodious lay To muddy death. Gertrudes weakness is shown by her desire to help others, and make them happy. She is easily persuaded to allow Polonius to hide in her room when she is talking to Hamlet, because she thinks Polonius can help uncover the reason behind her sons madness, showing maternal love and compassion. Gertrudes disinclination towards the truth is undeniable, but it is not in a malicious way. She lies to herself about the consequences of her own actions, of her marriage to Claudius, and she lies to those around her, but her lies are to protect those she cares about. Her lies keep not only herself, but also those around her emotionally and physically safe. After Hamlet has killed Polonius, Gertrude knows she must tell Claudius, but when she does she also tells him that Hamlet weeps for what is done. Gertrude, and we, as the audience, know this is not that case, but this white lie makes Hamlet seem to regret his actions, thus making him appear repentant. From any perspective, neither Gertrude nor Ophelia are as developed characters as Hamlet or Claudius. Shakespeare gives them very little stage time or lines, despite them both being key to the plot of the play. The play accentuates the roles and stereotypes in Shakespeares England. Women were expected to be quiet and submissive towards their male counterparts, daughters and wives were expected to be obedient to the requests of their fathers and husbands, and had no authority or control over their lives. This point is illustrated by the roles of Ophelia, the obedient daughter and Gertrude, the loyal and obedient wife and mother. The Elizabethan World Order sets the sovereign of the country at the head of the hierarchy, with nobles following after, all the way down through the social classes and ending with plant and rocks. Men had more power than women did, as the society was a patriarchal one, so this leaves Gertrude in a confusing position of power. Claudius has more power than her, but he only has this power due to marrying her. As queen, she has more power than a lot of men around her, but as a wife, she is dependent on Claudius. This makes her a very powerful woman for her time, and she uses this power to protect her son. In conclusion, there are many interpretations of the character of Gertrude, the caring affectionate mother, or the sexual adulteress. Personally I think that Gertrude is one of the most complex and appealing characters in the play. Her unwavering devotion to her son despite his obvious disgust at her is to be greatly admired, and she accepts that his madness is partly due to her marriage to his fathers brother. Her intelligence is not remarkable, but she shows an amazing aptitude for almost manipulating those around her to protect herself, and those who she cares deeply about. Gertrudes sexual nature is unmistakable throughout the play, this may be her weakness, but she is an emotionally strong woman, who is not malicious but kind hearted and simply wishes everyone that she loves, to be happy and amiable to each other.

Tuesday, May 5, 2020

The Barn free essay sample

When my grandparents introduced the idea of giving me a horse of my own, I tried to work out a negotiation. My Papa had just informed me of the fact that if I had a horse, I would be responsible for feeding it, exercising it, mucking its stall, and all of the other chores that mark the life of an equestrian. â€Å"Well, Papa,† I began in my best grown-up voice, â€Å"I was thinking that I would be the trainer, you know? So I’d get to work and train the horses, and you’d get to do the feeding and mucking stalls and stuff.† As amused as my Nana and Papa were by this proposition, they didn’t give it too much consideration. For the last fourteen years of my life, I have been a proud and happy stall-mucker. It didn’t take long for me to get into the routine of rising before the sun every morning, throwing on a pair of boots and a jacket, and making my way groggily out to the barn. We will write a custom essay sample on The Barn or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The barn has been standing in our backyard for so long that I can’t even remember what the property looked like without it. It was built by my Papa and some of his friends when I was just a baby, and though it’s needed a few touch-ups and repairs over the years, it is still the same familiar, welcoming place in which I spent so much of my childhood. In much the same way as the rest of my home, little remnants of my Papa’s life are everywhere in the barn. Though he passed away nine years ago, I can almost see his face every time I go up and down the stairs to the hayloft. The stairs are a result of his handiwork, and the cause of many twisted ankles and â€Å"close calls† of falling down the stairs. They begin with four steps, then a little landing, then a longer set of steps perpendicular to the first set. The problem is that the first set of steps are awkwardly close together, like they were built for a small child or perhaps a midget. The second set of stairs is quite the opposite, with so much space between each stair that you have to lift your knees up to your chest to ascend them. â€Å"Gives ‘em character,† my Papa used to say when Nana or I would complain about his carpentry. Of course, whenever he had to use the stairs himself, each step was accompanied by a colorful slew of curses. I learned a new variety of vocabulary during my time spent at the barn- a hearty mix of â€Å"horse lingo† and swears. Of course, this wasn’t the only thing that I learned, growing up as a â€Å"horse kid.† I was actually intimidated by horses when I was younger. The sheer size of them made me a little uneasy. Now I’m the type of person who looks at the largest of draft horses and proclaims, â€Å"Well aren’t you just adorable!† When I began my responsibilities as a â€Å"horse owner,† I thought that horse manure was disgusting, and 5am seemed like an absurd time for any creature to need food, horse or not. However, it wasn’t long before hungry horse whinnies became my favorite kind of good-mornings, and I discovered that nothing could cheer me up like a fuzzy pony kiss. Cleaning several stalls wasn’t nearly such a chore as cleaning my own bedroom, and tiny hooves against the concrete barn floor produced a more beautiful sound than any music I had ever heard. The only thing that’s changed about my barn since then are the horses who reside in it. The barn currently houses four horses, one of which is mine. However, we have had as many as seven horses at one time. My Nana has been known to convert the tack room to a horse stall to accommodate her collection of horses (â€Å"A tack room is a luxury; it’s just as easy to keep the tack on the porch and put a horse in there!†). By my count, we have had somewhere between fifteen and twenty horses over the years, each of whom has contributed to the barn in some way. Back when we had our first pregnant mare, we decided that we needed a foaling stall and some sort of a system to monitor it. To this day, one of our stalls remains noticeably larger than the rest of them, and there is a video camera that looks into the stall and hooks up to our TV. We had a stallion who liked to rear up and show off for the mares in the barn, and we were afraid that he would get himself stuck ove r the door. Though we haven’t had a stallion in several years now, there remains a set of bars that can be put into place above the stall door, just as a precaution. Even more than each horse has made an impact on the barn, the barn has made an impact on me. I value things differently because of the time that I’ve spent at the barn, and have learned to appreciate the small things in life. Being an equestrian has taught me to think on my feet, be adaptable, have patience, and go after what I want in life. I have gained a sense of leadership, confidence, and good old-fashioned common sense that I don’t think I could have achieved anywhere else. The barn has stood strong against wind, rain, sun, and snow for as long as I can remember. Within those walls, it houses not just four horses, but my life story. Bits of my history are scattered about like dandelion seeds in the wind. Pieces of who I am can be found lying in the bottom of the brush bucket, nestled between bales of hay, entwined into a horse’s mane. The barn represents my past, encompasses my present, and is something that I hope will remain forever in my future.

Tuesday, April 14, 2020

Teaching Argumentative Essays - Sample Topics For A Rhetoric Essay

Teaching Argumentative Essays - Sample Topics For A Rhetoric EssaySample topics for a rhetorical essay should contain both issues that need to be addressed and topics that have already been covered. In fact, it is highly recommended that you develop at least two different samples. Each will serve as a stepping stone towards the next. The topic should begin by identifying what the reader will see.After all, what you teach your students must be organized and clear. After you have determined that, you should begin to list specific examples from that particular text or topic that illustrate your point. Using this sample, you can ensure that the students will remember the specific topic that you have taught them.It is very important to note that this selection process is a critical part of your rhetorical skills. Without having to do this, you may never master any topic. Most students tend to not feel comfortable when they only receive a cursory overview of a topic. Most do not know what they can expect when they pick up the textbook for a particular subject. If you expect your students to study for more than a few hours each week, then you need to be able to provide a consistent and clear reference for them to use.When teaching, the key is to be able to provide as many sample topics as possible for your students to analyze. By making this a part of your syllabus, you will be able to avoid having your students choosing the wrong topics based on what they find in their textbook. By providing them with a written outline for a specific topic, you can keep the topic in perspective. You can also make the topic specific to the author's style and voice.It is important to highlight what is taught in the text and not what is provided as an example, especially if the examples were not given in the actual text. In order to avoid this, it is important to have a simple outline of what is taught in the text. For instance, if you are explaining 'definition, argument, derivation, d emonstration' then provide an example from the text that exemplifies these three words.When your students are learning to identify a topic based on the information provided, you will be able to teach them how to apply the concepts from that topic to a real life situation. If the author provides an example from the text, they will be able to use the concept correctly when they are in an actual scenario. There are many times when students will not be able to put the concept to use in a specific situation because they do not understand the point of the example.By presenting the sample topics for a rhetorical essay, you can ensure that the class will come together to tackle the topics. You will be able to clearly provide for the students how to analyze the text for their own learning. Your students will be able to remember what is taught because you presented it in a way that is relevant to the text. They will be able to use the concepts taught because you identified what was offered in the text.The examples will help your students to get the right interpretation of what is being taught in the text. Using this information, they will be able to apply it to their own texts. They will be able to identify where they may be going wrong in their own work and where they can correct themselves. In order to continue to develop this skill, they will need to be able to identify the topic based on what they are taught in the text.

Sunday, April 12, 2020

10 Tips to Get a 100% Site Health Score in WordPress 5.2

WordPress 5.2 added a new Site Health score to your WordPress dashboard and, as with any score, that probably has you wondering how to get a perfect, 100% score.In this post, were here to help. First, well introduce you to what the new Site Health feature is. Then, well take you through ten tips you can follow to score 100% on your Site Health in WordPress 5.2. Once you update your WordPress website, youll find two new pages under Tools Site Health.The first page displays your Site Health Status with results categorized as:CriticalRecommendedGoodThese tests are what WordPress uses to calculate your Site Health Score. Needless to say, the critical tests weigh more heavily, and not faring well in them can dampen your chances to get 100% Site Health score.The health check results show critical information pertaining to both performance and security. The performance checks include checking for:WordPress versionLatest PHP versionSQL server versionInstallation of recommended PHP modulesUT F8MB4 supportScheduled eventsWorking HTTP requestsREST API availabilityPerforming loopback requestsThe security checks include:Active themesUp to date pluginsHTTPS connectionSecure communicationDebug mode offCommunication with WordPress.orgBackground updates enabledThe second page is the Site Health Info page that contains a load of information related to your site health. Theres a convenient button here that can copy all the information to your clipboard so that you can share it with a developer whos supporting you. For example, if youre asking a plugin author for help, this gives you a convenient way to provide them with information about your site:Ten tips to get a 100% Site Health score in WordPress 5.2Now that you know the checks that WordPress runs to assess your website, heres what you can do to get a 100% Site Health score.1. Keep WordPress up to dateWeve heard this often enough, but in practice, not many of us pay attention to the update notifications that appear with (anno ying!) frequency on our dashboard for major updates. Fortunately, updating WordPress is now just a one-click affair.  By default, minor changes happen automatically.And while its possible to disable background updates, its really better not to do so.The test results will let you know if your site is up to date and if its communicating with WordPress.org. For the best way to run these updates, check out our guide on how to safely update WordPress.2. Keep themes and plugins up to dateDont stop with updating the WordPress core. Go the whole distance and update all the themes and plugins as well. You can update these extensions from the regular WordPress updates area (Dashboard → Updates), as well as the respective  Themes and  Plugins areas:3. Remove unused themes and pluginsBeyond updating themes and plugins that you  are using, youll also want to remove any themes and plugins that you are not using. Themes and plugins that are not updated are a security risk, which is why its safer to remove them.There is one exception, though leave the latest default theme installed, even if youre not using it (e.g.  Twenty Nineteen).4. Use the latest SQL server versionYour database servers software is what powers the database that WordPress uses to store your content and settings. There are two common options, depending on your hosts configuration:MySQLMariaDB (a fork of MySQL)To improve your sites performance and security (and Site Health score), youll want to make sure youre using the latest version WordPress recommends running MySQL version 5.6+ or MariaDB version 10.1+.If youre not sure how to do this, the best way to get started is to reach out to your hosts support.5. Upgrade to the latest PHP versionPHP is the programming language that powers much of WordPress functionality.Upgrading to the latest version  offers big performance improvements, as well as better security (because older versions no longer receive security updates).Currently, WordPress recommends that you use PHP  7.3+.Many WordPress hosts give you an option to choose your PHP version from your dashboard. Or, you can reach out to your hosts support for help.Either way, wed recommend you follow our guide on how to safely upgrade to PHP 7+.6. Make sure debug mode is turned offWordPress has a few built-in debugging tools that generate helpful messages to developers. The most important tool is WP_DEBUG in your WordPress install.However, on a live site, the debug mode should not be turned on because it can reveal a load of information about your website to visitors and is, therefore, a security risk. Thats why WordPress will ding your Site Health score if you still have debug mode turned on.To configure the debug mode, find this line in your wp-config.php file:define( 'WP_DEBUG', true );To turn it off, you can either change  true to false, or just delete the entire line.7. Install SSL certificate and use HTTPSHTTPS (Secure HTTP) is a method of encryption that secu res the communication between your server and the browser of any user visiting your website, and its what gets you that trust-building green padlock in web browsers.Additionally, Google Chrome will eventually start marking all non-HTTPS pages as Not Secure::To avoid this, and get your Site Health score up, youll need to install an SSL certificate and then migrate your site to HTTPS.Many hosts now offer free SSL certificates via Lets Encrypt that you can install with a few clicks, or you can find other free and cheap SSL certificates. Once youve installed your SSL certificate, follow our guide to safely move to HTTPS.8. Leave the REST API enabledThe WP REST API helps your WordPress core communicate with the various web, desktop, and mobile applications on the internet. This helps WordPress work effectively as a content management system, storing and serving up content to be visible on the internet.By default, the WP REST API is enabled, but some plugins (especially  security plugin s)  and developers will disable it.However, if you want to get a perfect WordPress Site Health score, youll need to leave the WP REST API enabled. Most plugins or tools that disable the REST API will also give you a setting to leave it enabled.9. Make sure WP Cron is enabledNormally, WordPress handles a number of routine tasks such as backing up, publishing posts, or checking for updates. This function is handled by the cron job system, a special technology used by servers to handle scheduled tasks or recurring events. Many plugins also rely on the WordPress cron system to carry out tasks, but sometimes they hog most of the resources.To check if WP Cron is working, you can use the free  WP-Cron Status Checker plugin to get a new dashboard widget that tells you its status:If its not working, you can check if the following line is in your  wp-config.php file:define('DISABLE_WP_CRON', true);To re-enable WP Cron, you just need to remove that line. Or, if thats not the issue, you c an reach out to your hosts support for more help.10. Install all the recommended PHP modulesPHP modules play an important role in executing the tasks on the server that make your site run. The WordPress core relies on a list of PHP modules to help it execute tasks. If you dont have a certain module on your server, WordPress will either have to use a more inefficient method for that task, or it might just remove the functionality.If youre missing one of the  recommended and required modules, WordPress will tell you which module is missing and ding your Site Health Score:To fix this, ask your hosts support if they can help you to install the module.Dont stress about your WordPress Site Health scoreWhile it can be satisfying to see a perfect 100% score in the Site Health area, you dont need to get a perfect score to have a secure, functioning WordPress site, and  some developers have expressed views against this new scoring methodology.Overall, you should definitely fix the critica l issues, and try to implement recommended issues. But dont stress yourself out if you cant eliminate every single recommended issue. Here's how to get a perfect Site Health score in #WordPress 5.2 💉 Click To Tweet Do you have any questions about the new Site Health score feature in WordPress 5.2? Ask away in the comments!Free guide5 Essential Tips to Speed Up Your WordPress SiteReduce your loading time by even 50-80% just by following simple tips.

Wednesday, March 11, 2020

School Visits A Librarians Perspective

School Visits A Librarians Perspective My high school usually welcomes two authors every year. They come at the request of the language departments. Everything is planned between the teachers and the authors, and I have nothing to do except making sure the library is available on the scheduled dates – at least in theory. Surprises always pop up minutes before the presentation is due to start. One author might suddenly request a white board and markers, another a projector, sometimes all three. Ive learned to be ready for anything, but what if I – superior librarian that I am – had not been there to save the day? In all instances, these near setbacks could easily have been avoided with simple communication. Heres a little insider tip: Schools are not the most proficient at passing along information. First, find out where your presentation will take place – library, classroom, auditorium, gym? If your presentation will be held in the library, ask for the name of the librarian. Then tell her what youll need ahead of time: white board, screen and projector, audio, etc. Do you want the chairs set up in a semicircle facing you? If its a hands-on workshop, will the participants need tables to work on? Dont skip this step even if the teacher or whichever staff member youve been communicating with knows all the details. Although the information might reach the librarian, it could do so at too short notice to do much good. Heres another insider tip: Schools can take an amazingly long time to get stuff done. This is due in large part because most things need the approval of several people or committees before they can get under way. And as all these dedicated people have a lot on their plate, the process is slowed even more. So make sure you start the ball rolling way ahead of your scheduled visit. If your presentation is to take place in another part of the school, ask whether the school has a library and who is responsible for purchasing books. Get in touch and say hello. Why? Simply because the library staff may not be aware of your coming at all! If your presentation catches the students interest, theyll likely ask the librarian to order your books. Make it easy for her. Send her a list of your published titles along with the age group and reading level of each. None of the presenters have done this for me yet, which is a huge oversight. Librarians are busy people. Dont assume they have nothing better to do than look you up, or that theyll remember to do so once the dust has settled and youre long gone. At my school, I oversee every aspect of the library including selecting and buying the books that end up on the shelves. Like most school libraries, my budget is modest so be aware that Im the one you need to impress if your books are to make it on my limited to-buy list. Finally, to generate extra publicity and sales, give the librarian lots of bookmarks. Kids love them and my supplies always need replenishing. Its a great way to reach out to readers, no matter what they happen to be reading as well as making a lasting impression both on the students and librarian!

Sunday, February 23, 2020

Critically evaluation of the role of insurance within a wider system Essay

Critically evaluation of the role of insurance within a wider system of risk financing and management - Essay Example They may audit firms to make sure that their risk management practices are adequate to guard against risk. This paper will examine risk management, in general, along with examining risk management in the case of banks, cyber firms, and farming. Risk Management Risks must be identified, and this is the first part of the risk management process, according to Carter et al. (1994). The identification process of risks may be approached by a combination of methods, including intuitive management; using department experts; using standard questionnaires and checklists; using expert computer-based systems; using structured interviews; through brainstorming sessions; or using outside specialists/consultants. The second process is risk quantification, and this means that the impact and probability of a each risk is estimated for each risk. After that, the estimate is quantified by using a spreadsheet which estimates timescales and costs. The next process is risk prioritising and filtering,which means that the important risks are recognized and controlled, and risks are prioritized according to whether they care a Category 1 risk (cost effect only); Category 2 risk (contingency plans and costs affected); or Category 3 risk (programme contingency and cost affected). The Category three risks are the higher priority, and the risks are prioritized from there. ... Mitigating strategies include avoiding the risk altogether by removing the cause of the risk; transferring the risk, which means that the risk is passed to somebody capable of handling that particular risk; reduction of the risk, which would consist of investing in insurance or some other up-front investment; management of the risk, which means that the risk is managed continuously until it is managed out; and contingency, in which funds are produced for the risks which are of low likelihood and impact, or have not been revealed. The next step after that is risk monitoring, reporting and control, which necessitates the use of a risk register, which is carried out by the risk manager. A risk audit is the step after his, which ensures that proper procedures are being followed to manage the risk. The final step is the project completion, which means that the risk manager assesses the project after completion, and assesses the adequacy of the risk management. Interplay Between Insurance and Risk Management According to MacMinn (1987), there is an interplay between insurance and risk management. Specifically, corporations purchase insurance as one way to control their risk (Arrow, 1964). While there is the theory that purchasing insurance is sometimes inefficient for a firm, because the cost of the insurance often exceeds the expected loss, so many firms who are risk averse would not want to purchase insurance because they are interested in maximizing profits, insurance still plays a large role in risk management (Godfrey et. al, 2009). This is because, according to Godfrey et al.(2009), the markets do not always behave rationally. When a corporation does not purchase insurance, that corporation is assuming that the

Friday, February 7, 2020

Communication Barriers Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Communication Barriers - Research Paper Example   Communication is a very important skill since it plays a decisive role in determining people’s tendency to be productive in the workplace, neighborhoods, classrooms, and all kinds of settings. The communication skills of an individual affect his/her own as well as the organization’s effectiveness as a whole (Brun, 2010; Summers, 2010). Although many people can communicate enough to convey their meaning and perceive others’, not many people are able to communicate effectively. Lack of effective communication is one of the most fundamental factors that inhibit the effectiveness of an organization (Lutgen-Sandvik, 2010). The process of communication involves encoding and sending of the messages by the senders and decoding of the messages by the receivers (Lunenburg, 2010, p. 2; Ergen, 2010, p. 2). Interferences in the process of communication reduce the effectiveness of communication and may even distort the process altogether. ... ess of communication, it is imperative that senders and receivers develop the skills to handle the different kinds of barriers that distort the process of communication (Lehman and DuFrene, 2008). Barriers experienced in the process of communication are of different types that include but are not limited to verbal, nonverbal, external, and internal. Types of communication barriers Verbal barriers Verbal barriers in communication are caused because of inadequate vocabulary or lack of knowledge of the other person’s language (Ergen, 2010). Verbal barriers in communication are typically experienced in culturally diverse workplaces where workers belonging to different cultures and having proficiency in different languages have to interact with one another in a standard language according to the policy of the organization. Even if the vocabulary is enough to carry out the conversation, the differences of dialects and speed of speech pose difficulties in achieving effectiveness in c ommunication. For example, Indians’ way of speaking English is significantly different from that of African Americans’. Even within the native population of America, a range of regional dialects of English prevails. Differences in perception are also characterized as verbal barriers in communication. Differences in perception are influenced by socioeconomic background, educational background, age, experiences, and culture. People from different age groups have different levels of maturity that cause them to voice different opinions that can often be conflicting with one another’s. Differences in socioeconomic status and educational status pave way for the development of inferiority or superiority complexes among the interacting partners that reduce the effectiveness of communication.