Financial Educational Board Games (Toys and Game Industry) Research Paper

Financial Educational Board Games (Toys and Game Industry) - Research Paper Example 5,856.20M El Segundo,  CA Namco Bandai Holdings Inc. 4,083.77M Tokyo,  Japan Hasbro, Inc. 4,002.16M Pawtucket,  RI LEGO System A/S 2,272.69M Billund,  Ribe (hoovers.com, 2011) Consumers spent 25.1 billion on video games, hardware and accessories in 2010 (Entertainment Software Association, 2011). The best-selling Computer Games are Family and Children’s Games (19.8%), Shooter games (14.4%), Role-Playing games (12.4%). The Best-selling Video Games Genres are Action (30.1%), Sports (11.3), Racing (11.1%), Children and Family Entertainment (9.3%), Shooter 8.7%), Role-Playing (7.8%) (Entertainment Software Association, 2011). The US board games and puzzle market, alone, is estimated to be worth about $400 million, and ?50 million per year in the UK (Maclean, 2009). The toy and game industry in Australia has a revenue of two billion, and annual growth of 3.6% (2006-2011) (ibisworld.com, 2011). Industry Trends â€Å"Going Green† is a current trend in the industry. It involves three aspects. They are: sustainable materials, resource-saving packaging, and content that communicates sustainable action and values through play (nurembergtoyfair.com, 2011). Another industry trend is moving games from the digital realm to physical board game space. A recent example is Mattel’s â€Å"Angry Birds.† Keeping a foot in both digital and physical realms makes good business sense, in the face of increasing competition (Douban, 2011). One of the most potentially profitable trends is the transition to selling products inside virtual worlds. For example, you might go to a virtual pizza shop, in avatar form, and a pizza icon might pop up, enabling the user to order a real pizza, without leaving the virtual environment (boardofinnovation.com, 2009). The diversity of virtual worlds means a huge, untapped potential for a diversity of products. Other trends include pro-social and e-connected, cooperative games; games that can be constructed and reconstruc ted, allowing for continually new play experiences; games that involve action and sensori-motor experience or emphasize speed (a trend reflecting child obesity as a health concern); games that are designed for creative learning (toyassociation.org, 2011). Game Industry Growth and Decline An indicator of demand for toys is the manufacturers' shipments of miscellaneous durable goods, which rose 7.2 percent in the first six months of 2011 compared to the first six months in 2010 (hoovers.com, 2011). Furthermore, toy sales the world over, in 2010, increased 5% over 2009, to $83.3 billion, especially reflecting strong performance in Asia (npd.com, 2011). Fifty percent of global toy sales are accounted for by the top revenue countries: USA, Japan, China, UK, and France. Emerging markets with strong growth are Brazil, Russia, India (npd.com, 2011). The Online Game portion of the industry is growing. Table 2. Annual online game revenue in billions of U.S. dollars from 2006–2011 (Rive llo, 2011) Americans spent more than $3 billion in video game subscription fees last year. A new report by market research firm Pike & Fischer estimates that Americans will spend $5 billion annually by 2015 (boardofinnovation.com, 2009). Board games went through a slump when they had to compete with video and computer games, but now they are making a big comeback, due to the economic crisis (Thai, 2009).

The Moving Image Essay Example for Free

The Moving Image Essay I will be looking closely at two particular programmes involving families: The Simpsons (Homer Alone) and The Royle Family (Sunday Dinner) both families have been labelled dysfunctional yet both programmes have attracted huge TV audiences. I will be comparing the portrayal of family life in both these programmes and will try to account for their popularity. The Simpsons is an American cartoon set in Springfield. The family consists of: Homer and Marge whom are married and parents to Bart, Maggie and Lisa. In the episode Homer Alone Marge is feeling depressed because the rest of the family depend on her to do everything for them, she is feeling under a lot of pressure. After a while she decided shes had enough of doing everything for the rest of the family, therefore, she drives her car across the motorway and remains inside the car when it is parked up. This results in other motorists having no access to the road. By doing this act Marge soon gets noticed. Police cars and reporters arrive questioning Marge about the event. Soon after Homer arrives announcing that he loves her and wants her to come home to her family. It works; she comes out of the car and goes home. After a long think she decided she needs a break to get away from everything for a short while, she needed to clear her mind. So the next day she goes away for a while, and leaves the rest of the family behind. Bart and Lisa went to stay with their aunties, whereas Maggie is left with Homer. During the short period of time when Homer was responsible for Maggie, he manages to lose her! He finally finds her just prior to the return of Marge. The Royle Family is a British sit-com set in Manchester. The family consists of Jim and Barbara, the parents to Denise and Anthony. Norma, the mother to Barbara, Dave, Denises boyfriend and Twiggy a family friend. In the episode Sunday Dinner the family is round at the Royles house for their Sunday dinner. Jim and Dave are late as usual due to them being at the pub. At the pub Jim invites Twiggy back round to their house to join them for Sunday dinner without consulting Barbara. They eat lunch and chat about usual family issues. When an audience sit down to watch a cartoon, for example The Simpsons, they expect it to be funny and continuously revolving around a family or a group of friends. It is usually set in the same village or area. Cartoons are usually played on set days during the week and last the same period of time, it usually tends to be a short amount of time, ranging from 20-30 minutes. Cartoons have a very busy atmosphere, there are barely any moments when nothing is happening or no-one is speaking. The appearance of a cartoon character is often very different to human beings. In The Simpsons the characters have yellow skin and hair that remains exactly the same all the time. The Simpsons is a very typical cartoon. The characters are abnormal as they have yellow skin and are not real people. The colours are very bright and unrealistic, for example the sky is all blue apart from a few clouds which are just white. Music is used very frequently throughout cartoons. In The Simpsons music is used to create an effect on the event or character to make the audience have opinions of the situation. For example, we see Bart in detention, therefore we automatically suspect him to be quite mischievous. The beat of the music would fit in with the atmosphere of the event. When an audience sit down to watch a sit-com they would expect a television series usually lasting about an hour. It would feature the reactions of a regular cast of everyday, realistic characters to unusual situations, such as misunderstandings or embarrassing coincidences. The Royle Family is a typical sit-com because it has people playing characters which relate closely to everyday life. The characters are involved in common situations and the language they use to speak to each other is very informal, they use slang words and occasionally swear. The cameras are hand-held which gives a real-life feeling and no added lighting or special effects have been used. The clips shown are not always the best, clearest quality picture which you would get in a top quality DVD. They are just what you would expect to see when using a video camera. An opening sequence to a programme acts like an overture it has a dramatic effect on the audience. After watching the opening sequence you may think that the programme is going to be boring and not worth watching. Your viewing of the opening sequence depends on whether it appeals to you or not. Usually if the opening sequence doesnt appeal to you, you decide against watching it. It gives a taster of the programme and shows the type of programme that it is and a little about the characters involved. The opening sequence of The Simpsons begins with clouds across the screen and a bright blue sky. The title The Simpsons appears across the screen in bright yellow bubble writing. This already suggests that it is a cartoon because the writing it bubbly bright and colourful. The camera then zooms into the letter P to show a birds-eye view of Springfield, it is very colourful. You can be definite that it is a cartoon now because the village is in two dimensional form not three dimensional and all the buildings are blue or purple. The first character to be introduced is Bart; he has yellow skin and hair. Hes in detention writing on the black board which immediately gives us the impression that hes mischievous. As soon as the bell goes, he rushes out of school as quickly as possible. We then meet Homer; he is working with radioactive materials at his work and as soon as his bell goes he rushes out to go home as soon as possible being extremely careless as he leaves. Marge and Maggie are then in the car on the way home. Lisa is at band practice, she is playing her instrument proudly. We then go back to see Marge and Maggie in the car, Marge obviously has a big influence on Maggie because she copies everything she does. When Marge beeps her horn so does Maggie. She has her own toy steering wheel in the passenger seat, she steers exactly the same ways as Marge pretending to be driving just like her mum. The credits appear and the programme begins. In the opening sequence there are 23 shots of different situations in a short time of one minute and fourteen seconds. During a cartoon there are never silences or gaps, something is always happening. During the opening sequence of the The Royle Family the background is dark blue and it is set in the Royles living room. The family members are introduced one by one with them sitting on the sofa. The way they are introduced is exactly how they are throughout the sitcom. Jim is sat on his own chair in full view of the TV. Everyone else has a seat on the sofa except for Anthony, who is left to sit on the floor by himself. The music throughout the opening sequence is Oasis half the world away. This song could be used to suggest that there is one world inside the Royles house and the outside world is something completely different from their own. The lighting is just plain and ordinary like everyday life, no brighter or duller colours have been added for any special effects. Characters are very similar in both programmes in different ways. There are few characters living and working together, there will be extra minor characters put into the programme on odd occasions. The characters in both programmes can express their personality without informing us about themselves; it is easy to tell their opinions through watching their actions and reactions. Marge, in The Simpsons is similar in character to Barbara in The Royle Family. They are both the person in each family whom keeps them together; they do everything for the family, and receive little in return. They dont get appreciated enough from the rest of the family. Just Also, we have Homer and Jim who are alike in many ways. They are both idle and expect everything to be done for them by their wives. They can be very rude and inconsiderate to the rest of their family. Jim makes several complaints to Barbara about her cooking, he makes jokes about other people in the room but will not accept rude remarks made about him. Homer expects Marge to do everything for him; she makes his sandwiches in the morning, goes to the shop with his bowling bowl straight after, food shops for the family. In Homer Alone Bart and Lisa make it clear that they dont get on in the beginning, but as time goes on we see them holding hands in fear whilst at their aunties house. This shows that they do love it each other but dont show it until they need to. Denise and Anthony act in exactly the same way at Bart and Lisa. Both The Simpsons and The Royle Family have been labelled as dysfunctional, however, I do not agree with this. I believe that a real family should consist of whom they are closest to. It could include friends and animals! Each family member should respect each other and support them whenever they require it most. They will stick by each other no matter what and rely each other to help them through tough situations. Some families dont show their love and support for one another until a real crisis occurs but you can be sure that they will be there for you. I think that both The Simpsons and The Royle Family are not dysfunctional. They act as if they dont care about each other but that changes when it comes down to it. The Simpsons dont realise how close they are until Marge goes away, when she returns the family all sleep in the same bed and discuss how much they have all missed her and how bad life could be without her. In The Royle Family they all ask about each other and are interested in each other as soon as Twiggy leaves they all talk about him as if he wasnt part of their close family and they all knew that if they expressed their own personal feelings it wouldnt leave that room. The target audience is whom the programme is directed to. I think that The Simpsons is directed to anyone as it has bright, funny cartoons, which is what children would like to see. They dont have to understand the speaking to understand the programme; you can tell whats happening by the actions and reactions of the characters. It is also targeted at adults because there are jokes about political issues and famous people that adults would understand and find funny. I think that The Royle Family is targeted at adults. It doesnt appeal to children as there arent bright colours, it hasnt got a busy atmosphere and there isnt enough slapstick, simple humour throughout for them to laugh at. Adults would find it funny because its just like real life; everything they say or do is just like a typical family, like our own. Both programmes are extremely popular in different ways. The Simpsons is funny because of the familys continuous sayings and jokes. The actions they do are so unrealistic that its just so funny and the family always have terrible things happening to them, but always manage to get through it. Homer Alone Homer loses Maggie but she is luckily found safe and sound just prior to the return of Marge. The Royle Family is popular because of the way it is filmed and presented. No extra lighting or special effects have been used to create a more exciting set. It is dull and just how it would be in a normal house. Its so realistic that it looks like there are hidden cameras in house and theyre just filming them without them knowing. It is popular because people enjoy watching people like themselves, they can see what real family life is like.

The Dangers with Using a Cell Phone While Driving :: Expository Essays Research Papers

The Dangers with Using a Cell Phone While Driving We have all heard the debate. Is driving while talking on your cell phone distracting to the driver? If it is what should be done about it? Since the culprit of some accidents has been the cell phone, many people are calling for a ban on the use of cell phones while driving. Since 1995, at least 45 states have proposed bills concerning cell phones in automobiles, according to the National Conference of State Legislatures (15). There has been one state to put a ban on cell phones while driving and that is New York. On June 28, 2001, New York Governor George Pataki signed the legislation that banned New Yorkers from using handheld cell phones while driving (15). There have also been many countries that have banned cell phone use while driving. Statistics show that cell phones have been the cause for some accidents. Each year an estimated 2,600 people are killed and 330,000 people are injured by drivers who use their cell phones (12). However out of all the wrecks that were caused by distraction, cell phones accounted for 1.5 percent. The leading factor was "things outside the car" (13). Since these statistics were released many people think that we shouldn't rush to ban cell phone use while driving. These people think that since it is only 1.5 percent of distractions there are other things that can be improved. There are still others that think that it is a big deal and because of this many studies have been conducted on the effect of cell phone use while driving. In 2001, David L. Strayer of the University of Utah in Salt Lake City and his colleagues reported that people talking on either handheld or hands free cell phones during simulated drives ran red lights more often and reacted more slowly to traffic signals than when not talking on a phone (14). David L. Strayer has run many tests to see how people react while talking and driving. He recently tested college students and found that many caused rear-end collisions and reacted more slowly to vehicles breaking in front of them (14). There were even some shocking reports from the British. Direct Line, England’s leading insurer, commissioned a study at the Transport Research Laboratory. Direct Line is hoping their findings will lend support to a total ban on the use of hand-held mobile phones while driving.

Canon in D Major

Canon in D Major I’m listening to Canon in D major by Johann Pachelbel; played by the London Symphony Orchestra who are from London, England. They’re all professional adult musicians; they're very good, in tune and together. The piece is unique and very famous. It’s Johann Pachelbel’s most famous piece, most often played at weddings. The piece is in 4/4 time and in D major. It has a slow tempo, smooth rhythm, and long, full bowing. They’re bowing sounds like it’s always together in each section; like they’re all going in the same direction.Dynamics stay about the same throughout the piece; in piano/mezzo piano. It starts in piano. Sometimes it’s in mezzoforte but it doesn’t sound like it gets louder than that, except for the nice, loud, and strong ending. As far as the intonation of the piece, it gets softer as the notes are longer/slower (whole and half notes) and then slowly crescendos as the notes are shorter/faster (q uarter and eighth/sixteenth notes). The melody is always louder than the other parts.The articulation and the intonation are very consistent and similar with the melody being louder than the other parts and the crescendos into faster parts and then the decrescendos into slower, even smoother parts. I like this piece a lot, it’s very pretty and I want to learn how to play it. I really like how sometimes it’s all in unison and sometimes every section has a different part. I also really like how it’s smooth and slow at some parts and then faster but still smooth at other parts. I really love how all of the parts harmonize together perfectly. http://www. youtube. com/watch? v=s3RRQypEf4I=related

Japan Invades China (1931-37)

Japan invades China (1931-37) Japan’s main objectives of invading China in 1931 were to destroy communism and poses control over neighboring areas on the Asian continent. It was believed such a control was necessary to be able to issue possible military threats and inquire the natural resources needed to insure Japan’s economic independence. â€Å"By defeating Russia in the Russo-Japanese War of 1904–1905, Japan acquired possession of Russia’s Liaodong Peninsula Leasehold, which she renamed the Kwantung Leased Territory, and the South Manchurian Railroad† (BJorge, 2011).After Korea was captured in 1910, Manchuria was filled with mineral wealth, gorgeous farmland, and potential value as a defensive Korea from both China and Russia. In the 1920s, many of the Kwantung army believed Japan should take over Manchuria just like they did in Korea. Plotting began to conquer Manchuria with direct military action which led to the first invasions of China in th e 1930s. (BJorge, 2011) The plan was made to be easy; a railroad on the Southern side of Mukden was made to explode to give the Kwantung an excuse to attack the nearby Manchurian army stations and the storage of weapons in the city.Once that was complete, the Kwantung army was easily expandable until all of Manchuria was captured. The government officials of Tokyo tried to stop the plot, but the Kwantung army attacked before the warning was issued. The bomb was set off on September 18, 1931 and the Kwantung army started moving into action. (BJorge, 2011) China turned to the League of Nations for support. At the time, the nationalist government did not want a war with Japan and either did the Japanese government and therefore ordered the Kwantung army to fall back and negotiate a reasonable solution.But the Kwantung army refused and continued attacking other cities and ended up sending troops into Manchuria. The Kwantung army was very powerful because of their popularly Japanese citi zens. Even though it was unacceptable for the Kwantung army to disobey, the separation of Manchuria from China would be in Japan’s favor. (BJorge, 2011) In May 1935, Japan’s Tinainjin fort demanded all Guomindang military units and officers to leave the Hebei state. Jiang Jieshi was still dedicated to his goal of destroying his communist enemies. Japan, it seemed, was well on the way to achieving her goal of separating north China from Nanjing government administration† (BJorge, 2011). In October 1935, the Japanese prime minster wanted China to accept Manchukuo to join with Japan to build up north China’s economy. This proposal was seen as impossible for the reason of the anti-Japanese anger in China. The anger forced Jiang to end his anti-communist cause. (BJorge, 2011) On the night of July 7, 1937, some Chinese fired shells where the Japanese troops were planning at the Marco Polo Bridge, which is about ten miles from Beijing.Japanese thought a missing s oldier was caught by the Chinese and the Japanese officer ordered a search. On July 8, when his requested was denied, he bombed the city. Chinese tried to attack the Japanese but failed. Several days later, five divisions were made in Japan by the Japanese War Ministry, four divisions were sent to southern Hebei, and the Japanese troops from Manchuria attacked northern China. Then on July 19, an agreement was signed, by the Chinese general Song Zheyan, to withdraw troops from Wanping. Six days later a fight broke out close to the Marco Polo Bridge and Japanese troops detained the bridge.On July 28, the Chinese evacuated to save themselves before it was too late, while Japanese forces captured Tianjin two days later. That was the day Jiang decided that he will lead Japan and fight to finish the operation until the end. (Beck, 2007) On August 11, Jiang Jieshi moved 80,000 men into Shanghai. China tried to air force bomb the Japanese warships, but ended up missing and killing hundreds of civilians in Shanghai. At the end of August the Chinese forces tried to fight and attack the Japanese in Shanghai, but were unsuccessful and turned back to the defensive side in September and October.The Chinese lost 250,000 soldiers compared to 40,000 Japanese soldiers. In November, thanks to French priest Jacquinot de Bessage, some Chinese civilians were given a place to live after losing their home. (Beck, 2007) The Shanxi capital Taiyuan fell on November 9. In late September, the Communists won at Pingxingguan successfully killing about 500 Japanese and gained a hundred equipment trucks. They would have retrieved more, but the remaining Japanese destroyed their equipment and committed suicide. Beck, 2007) The Japanese broke through enemy lines in Shanghai and Chinese began withdrawing toward Nanjing on November 11. Jiang felt the world was on his side, even though the League of Nations did not take any action, and the signing of the non-aggression pact with the Soviet Union h ad no impact. But Japan was well on their way of completing their mission; the forces took over Beijing in September, Shijiazhuang in October, Taiyuan in November, Qingdao in August, and Jinan in December. (Beck, 2007) The former warlord Tang Shengzhi was ordered to hold Nanjing.The Japanese were promising the civilians to treat them well as their follow Chinese soldiers were killing and robbing people to take everything they could to escape. Jiang refused to stop fighting and the Japanese began bombing on December 10. Before the Japanese army arrived, half of the population had already left Nanjing. â€Å"The Presbyterian missionary W. Plumer Mills had learned of Bessage’s neutral zone, and the Americans and Europeans organized a safety zone that included Nanjing University, Ginling Women’s Arts and  Science College, the American embassy, and Chinese government buildings† (Beck, 2007).On November 22, the International Committee was made for the Nanjing Safety Zone. Three days later Adolf Hitler was asked to negotiate with the Japanese government to respect the neutral zone for the noncombatants. After all of that was settled, the Japanese continued their bombing to the military targets. More than one hundred thousand people were protected in the Safety Zone. (Beck, 2007) On December 12, Tang Shengzhi abandoned Nanjing and the Japanese troops entered the city the next day.For the seven weeks after that they killed about 30,000 Chinese soldiers, thrashed most of the civilians not in the safety zone, and burned most of the city. Between 20,000 and 80,000 women were raped or taken as slaves. It was estimated more than 200,000 Chinese civilians were exterminated by Japanese soldiers in Nanjing after the war. The Japanese dragged and murdered some of the ex-soldiers in the Safety Zone. â€Å"Jiang and Yan Xishan approved the Communist base in the Jin-Cha-Ji border region on January 22, 1938, but that was the first and last Communist base beh ind enemy lines that the Nationalists recognized† (Beck, 2007).The outcome of this invasion was terrible on China as the Chinese’s soldiers tried to fight to survive but were weaken and about 30 million Chinese civilians were forced to leave their homes and live in regions of their country unfamiliar to them as immigrants. Japan believed the invasion was going to be quick and easy, but they found themselves stuck in an unexpected marsh as China refused to surrender and the invasion turned into the beginning of the second Sino-Japanese War. Since it was too late to escape this battle, Japan reacted to the outbreak of war in Europe, which in time led them to attack the United States.With this action, Japan made China become part of World War II and with the defeat, Japan was forced to give up everything they gained in China since 1931. With the result of the war, the Japanese failed their main objective for the reason that the communist’s strength grew greater than it ever was. This marked the end of Japanese expansion. Reference List Beck, S. (2007). China at war 1937-1949. Retrieved from http://www. san. beck. org/21-5-ChinaatWar1937-49. html Benton, G. (2012). The Battle for China: Essays on the Military History of the Sino–Japanese War of 1937-1945. China Journal, (67), 189-191.BJORGE, G. J. (2011, November 13). China, invasion of (1931, 1937–1945). Retrieved from http://onlinelibrary. wiley. com/doi/10. 1002/9781444338232. wbeow112/pdf Burrell, R. S. (2011). The Battle for China: Essays on the Military History of the Sino-Japanese War of 1937-1945. Naval History, 25(2), 78. Cho, A. (2011). In a Sea of Bitterness: Refugees During the Sino-Japanese War. Library Journal, 136(15), 88 Falk, S. (2011). Varied Fare. Army Magazine, 61(6), 73-74. Farrell, B. P. (2011). Book Review: The Battle for China: Essays on the Military History of the Sino-Japanese War of 1937—1945.Edited by Mark Peattie, Edward Drea and Hans van de Ven . Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press. 2011. xxv+614 pp. US$65 hbk. ISBN 978 0 .. War In History, 18(4), 566-568. doi:10. 1177/09683445110180040809 Historical Boys' Clothing. (2005, February 05). Second sino-japanese war: Japanese invasion of china (1937-45)). Retrieved from http://histclo. com/essay/war/ww2/camp/pac/china/w2c-inv. html History Learning Site. (n. d. ). The japan. Retrieved from http://www. historylearningsite. co. uk/china_war. htm Wikipedia. (n. d. ). Second sino-japanese war. Retrieved from http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Second_Sino-Japanese_War

Art Direction in Film and Television--history essays

Art Direction in Film and Televisionhistory essays Imagesthey draw us into their sinful lust, invigorate us, suck us in like zombies or candy. I, like most of us, am a media junkie, and gladly process sparkly music videos with no content and horrific movies that I later attest to dislike. Undoubtedly, many a time I have paid more attention to the beauty of the design on my entertainment rather than its verbal content, not to say that the two are separated. The topic of this writing is, therefore, my most addicting brain amphetamine as well as opiate-art direction for films and performances. Here I will explore my visual fetish. Film art and production direction is a direct descendant of stage design and the very first art director was a craftsman. In many ways, I find stage design a more compelling medium due to its direct interaction with the audience and a greater impact and a awe arising out of usage of multimedia and unusual distortion of space and reality. The special effects-educated audience is more likely surprised by the miracles arising in real space than in the so commonly manipulated world of film, unless the film itself brings with it an element of tangibility. While much even of the more contemporary stage design seems fairly traditional, there is much experimentation in the field. After the war, under the crumbling funding, the theatre designs became highly minimal and fostered experimentation in the medium. The new theatre has been called the theatre that survived the theatre. Their liberated settings combine realistic, abstract, multi-media and environmental scenic techniques. Stage design does not restrict itself only to theater and opera. Great sets have been created for musical performances, commercial installations, and art exhibitions.. Art direction for films comes as a natural offspring of stage design. At its birth, film production was a largely uncharted territory, and the first sets, so as to not to confuse either the actor or the...

Impeachment Trial of Andrew Jackson Essays

Impeachment Trial of Andrew Jackson Essays Impeachment Trial of Andrew Jackson Essay Impeachment Trial of Andrew Jackson Essay Andrew Jackson is often characterized as a man of the people, and his era is described as that of the common man. During the course of this hearing, we will focus on the question, How democratic was Andrew Jackson? The House of Representatives must decide whether Jackson’s actions call for an impeachment vote.The hearing will consider six major issues that were central to Jackson’s administration. ISSUES/IMPEACHMENT COUNTS: 1. EXTENDING POWER to the COMMON MAN Was Jacksons influence in changing the voting requirements and holding public office democratic? 2. U. S. BANK Was Jackson’s destruction of the national bank democratic? 3. SPOILS SYSTEM Was the use of the Spoils System democratic? 4. INDIAN REMOVAL Was Jackson’s policy of Indian Removal democratic? 5. SLAVERY Were Jackson’s actions regarding slavery democratic? 6.PEGGY EATON AFFAIR Was Jackson’s support of Peggy Eaton in the best interest of American democracy? GRADING CRITERIA: 1. Quality of the oral presentation (ie: introductory statement, central idea development, use of specific evidence in the argument to support your point of view, conclusion, clarity of ideas, mechanics, and ability to persuade the audience. ) 2. Creative participation in your assigned role. (ie: execution of your opening statement, ability to answer questions in your testimony, asking good questions in the cross examination, remaining true to your character’s point of view. 3. Historical accuracy of both your oral and written presentations. ROLE IN THE TRIAL Your assignment will consist of two parts: one oral (based on your presentation during the trial) and one written (in the form of an analytic essay due _____________ ) You will be acting as either a WITNESS called to the stand to testify in behalf of or against President Jackson or a member of the PUBLIC GALLERY who has specific questions for a witness. Each student must take on the point of view of his/her character in the hearing. REQUIREMENTS (Organization)You must prepare a well organized, persuasive, analytical statement in the voice of your assigned character which either passionately supports or is against President Jackson’s impeachment. Your presentation should address each of the following: Introduction = introduce your character and take a clear position on your issue (central idea statement/thesis). Also, provide enough background information to make the issue/impeachment count understandable to the court’s gallery and characterize President Jackson’s actions as either democratic or undemocratic.Body = use specific evidence from your research to support your characters point of view on your assigned issue facing President Andrew Jackson. You should have at least two major arguments perhaps three to support your point of view. Be sure to carefully explain each with examples. Conclusion = Restate your central idea and then specifically describe your character’s assessment of Jackson’s behavior. Was he democratic? Should he be impeached? REQUIREMENTS (ORAL) WITNESSES: 1. You must prepare an opening statement to include a: a. brief introduction of your character b. lear statement of your position including the reasons for your views 2. Be prepared to answer questions by the public gallery as accurately and completely as possible. 3. Presentations should be three-five minutes in length PUBLIC GALLERY MEMBERS: 1. Introduce yourself to the hearing by giving a: a. brief introduction of your character b. clear statement of your position including the reasons for your views 2. Prepare two questions: one for the witness who supports your character’s point of view and one for the witness who opposes your point of view. Be ready to pose these questions during the trial.Trial Roles Issue One: Voting Rights witness #1 : Ernie P. Tattle (Pro-Jackson) witness #2: Cedric T. Ashcroft (Anti Jackson) public gallery member #1: Jerry James Huckster (Pro Jackson) public gallery member #2: Kathleen Jefferson (Anti-Jackson) Issue Two: Re-chartering of the United States Bank witness #1: Jack Q. Daniels (Pro-Jackson) witness #2: Nicolas Biddle (Anti-Jackson) public gallery member #1: Elmer Smith (Pro-Jackson) public gallery member #2: Alexander Hamilton III (Anti-Jackson) Issue Three:Spoils System witness #1: Jim Bob Cornblower (Pro-Jackson) itness #2: John Quincy Adams (Anti-Jackson) public gallery member #1: Billy Joe Jackson (Pro-Jackson) public gallery member #2: Huntley H. Williams (Anti-Jackson) Issue Four:Indian Removal witness #1: Jason B. Landowner (Pro-Jackson) witness #2: John Ross (Chief of the Cherokee Indians) (Anti-Jackson) public gallery member #1: Chief Cayuga (Anti-Jackson) public gallery member #2: Marlboro Cowboy Lee (Pro-Jackson) Issue Five:Slavery witness #1: Henry Clay (Pro-Jackson) witness #2: Jake Turner (Anti-Jackson) public gallery members #1: Harriet Parker (Anti-Jackson) ublic gallery member #3: Rhett Tobacco Butler (Pro-Jackson) Issue Six:Peggy Eaton Affair witness #1: Peggy Eaton (Pro-Jackson) witness #2: Floride Calhoun (Anti-Jackson) public g allery member #1: Katherine Baldwin (Anti-Jackson) public gallery member #2: Steven J. Eaton (Pro-Jackson) Role Descriptions Issue One: Voting Rights – After the controversial election of 1824, issues related to who can vote and who should govern reached its height. Traditionalists wanted to protect the USA by keeping republicanism (cautious democracy). While others wanted to extend democracy to the people. itness #1 : Ernie P. Tattle (Pro-Jackson) Ernie is a long time Georgia resident. He has rented and worked twenty acres of good farmland adjacent to the Cherokees for the last ten years. He has worked hard all his life and has done a fine job of supporting his family. However, he does not make very much money after he pays all of his expenses. He would like to purchase this land and the local bank has indicated that it would give him a loan to do so. He feels that America is being built on the sweat of Americans just like him. There is no reason that he should not have a sa y in the workings of his government.He sees Andrew Jackson as a champion of the common man and he puts himself in this category. witness #2: Cedric T. Ashcroft (Anti Jackson) Mr. Ashcroft is a prominent entrepreneur who was sent to boarding school because the schooling in Tennessee was not up to his family’s standards. He is a graduate of Harvard College and was given a good start by his father, who was president of the First Bank of Nashville. Mr. Cedric T. Ashcroft believes in getting a good days work from his employees and does not believe in letting them participate in any decision making within the factory.These views extend to government as well. He is a card holding member of the exclusive Young President’s Club and thinks Andrew Jackson is a threat to the American way. public gallery member #1: Jerry James Huckster (Pro Jackson) He too is from the state of Tennessee, but from Clarion, a small town southwest of Nashville. He comes from modest beginnings, but is currently employed by the Clarion Bugle as a staff writer. He once heard Andrew Jackson speak at a political rally when he was running for the Senate and from that day on, he was an avid supporter of Andrew Jackson.He even urged many of his friends to vote for him. He wrote articles very favorable to Jackson no matter what the story was. He also wrote a lovely obituary for Jackson’s wife Rachel Donelson Jackson. public gallery member #2: Kathleen Jefferson (Anti-Jackson) As a second cousin to Thomas Jefferson, Kathleen’s loyalty to her home state of Virginia is stronger than her allegiance the USA. Considered part of the gentry, she doesn’t understand why Jackson wants to change America’s democratic system. In disagreement with her cousin, she believes the founding fathers were right to distrust the masses.They created the government and deserve the respect of all Americans. Why change the system? She believes it is working just fine and that Jackson shou ldn’t rock the boat. Issue Two: United States Bank -Jackson called the Bank of the United States the moneyed monster. As a result of his dislike for monopolistic banks, he vetoed the re-charter of America’s national bank. witness #1: Jack Q. Daniels (Pro-Jackson) This middle class farmer from western Kentucky needs to borrow money on a yearly basis.Like most farmers, he goes into debt in the late spring as he borrows money for his seed and tools. At harvest time, he pays back his local bank and saves the rest for himself. He wants a bank close to home and distrusts the ways of Eastern financiers. He sees them as money grabbing elitists who do nothing and make money off the working men and women. He’s tired of the rich getting richer. witness #2: Nicolas Biddle (Anti-Jackson) He once boasted that on any given day he had much more power than the President of the United States. He was not exaggerating!He ran the National Bank and was considered a very capable admi nistrator/banker by most people. However, his control over the bank was nearly absolute and he guarded this power steadfastly. He believed, as did Alexander Hamilton, that without the National Bank the economy of the nation would plunge into chaos. This stability was in the best interest of all Americans, even those too stupid or ignorant to understand. He despised Jackson. public gallery member #1: Elmer Smith (Pro-Jackson) Mr. Smith is considered by some to be a poor, white farmer. Yet in his own dreams he is far grander than this.After purchasing his first acre of land in western Kentucky, his goal to move up the social and economic hierarchy is becoming a reality. He hopes to increase his land holding and to someday become a plantation owner like those established in the South. He is so thankful to the Kentucky state bank for their help in bringing him one step closer to his dreams. The bank’s continued support is essential for him to realize the rest of his lofty goals. public gallery member #2: Alexander Hamilton III (Anti-Jackson) Alexander, like his famous Great Uncle, has been labeled something like a financial mastermind.He sees America’s economic future as resting on this young country’s ability to continue building an effective line of credit. He wants the US to continue building a favorable balance of trade, by increasing the country’s exports. He believes our future lies in becoming a world power. Issue Three:Spoils System Andrew Jackson’s decision to rotate government jobs to political supporters. witness #1: Jim Bob Cornblower (Pro-Jackson) This man ran Andrew Jackson’s Tennessee presidential campaign. He was very successful in getting the vote out for his man.For his efforts, Jim Bob feels entitled to a government post. Not only does he feel qualified for the job, his loyalty to Jackson will help the President do the people’s will. He is a team player and will not try to block the Presidentâ₠¬â„¢s actions. witness #2: John Quincy Adams (Anti-Jackson) The sixth US President, lost to Jackson in the 1828 election. Portrayed during the campaign as an over educated aristocrat, he has difficulty relating to the simplicity of the common man. A man of genius, he felt that government jobs should go to the highly educated and intelligent people of the land.At fourteen he served as the secretary to the American Ambassador in Russia. His administration made only a few changes in personnel. In Adam’s opinion, government jobs were not political footballs; they were too important to be used as rewards. public gallery member #1: Billy Joe Jackson (Pro-Jackson) Although Billy Joe has no real political experience, he is an established leader of his hometown outside of Nashville, Tennessee as the Mayor. A farmer by vocation who also raises horses, Billy Joe believes the common man’s hard work has built the foundation of America.His home is near the Hermitage, Andrew Jacksonà ¢â‚¬â„¢s home, and the two have conferred on local issues many times in the past. Jackson thinks Billy Joe’s upstanding citizenship prepares him well for a cabinet position and considers him a kind of guy who can get things done. public gallery member #2: Huntley H. Williams (Anti-Jackson) Like John Quincy Adams, Mr. Williams comes from a well established American family. His relatives came to the new world on the Mayflower. This personal history, as well as an impeccable record as a lawyer in Freeport, Maine, gave Huntley a voice people listen to.His higher education, which centered on the Classics at the University of Virginia, taught him the importance of education and the ability to analyze issues. His studies led him to join the Federalist Party following in line of his idol, Alexander Hamilton. Issue Four:Indian Removal Andrew Jackson’s decision to defy the Supreme Court decision to protect the Cherokee nation’s land in Georgia. witness #1: Jason B. Land owner (Pro-Jackson) As a representative to the Georgia State Legislature, Mr. Landowner supports Jackson’s position to remove the Eastern tribes from lands east of the Mississippi.As a land speculator, he has purchased the option to own several thousand acres of now Indian controlled land. His opinion of the Native Americans can be summed up by the phrase child-like savages. He feels that the majority of the voting population in Georgia wants to remove the Indians; he is correct in this assumption. He also feels that John Marshall’s (the Supreme Court’s) decision concerning the Cherokee nation contradicts the doctrine of states’ rights. witness #2: John Ross (Chief of the Cherokee Indians) (Anti-Jackson) He is an educated, well read individual who lives in a comfortable wood frame house.His wife is 100% Scotch-Irish and his family is bilingual speaking both English and the language of the Cherokee. His people live on lands which their ancestors have cont rolled for countless generations. Although the Cherokee nation remembers its roots, they have become Americanized in many ways, most notably in the area of agriculture and farming. Ross was wealthy and owned slaves. He was never allowed to vote because of his background. public gallery member #1: Chief Cayuga (Anti-Jackson) As the chief of the mid-western Indian tribe, Cayuga led his people with valor.Although the land his people lived on is not in jeopardy, he is concerned about the precedent being set against Native Americans. public gallery member #2: Marlboro Cowboy Lee (Pro-Jackson) Marlboro is the classic example of a new American. He is tough, self-made, independent, and strong spirited. He was born into poverty and turned his misfortune into motivation. While he lived on the Atlantic seaboard, he admired Georgian land before relocating to Montana. He is a cattle rancher who invested all of his savings and the rites to his future in cattle. Land is his gold.He clearly believe s American land belongs to Americans and will fight to protect these interests. Issue Five:Slavery Jackson never fully supported the slave system, but he never really did anything to discontinue its growth or its importance to the economy of the South. By maintaining early policy decisions, he hoped to put this volatile issue on the back burner to be dealt with during an easier time. witness #1: Henry Clay (Pro-Jackson) This southerner would do anything to keep the Union from dividing. He became known as the great compromiser and personally was responsible for the Missouri Compromise of the 1820s.He argued that the federal government could not deny people the right to own slaves, only the states could do this. He also argued that the majority of the people supported slavery and therefore the institution should not be outlawed. witness #2: Jake Turner (Anti-Jackson) His cousin Nat Turner led a large slave uprising in 1831 in South Carolina. He was part of the rebellion and managed t o escape to the North. He knew first hand the personal evils and hardships of slavery. All he wants is for the nation to live up to the ideals of the Declaration of Independence: to fulfill the goal of creating all men as equals. ublic gallery members #1: Harriet Parker (Anti-Jackson) Harriet has never met Mr. Turner or Mr. Great Compromiser Clay, but feels qualified to express her opinion to the court. As a former slave in the state of North Carolina, Harriet gained her freedom after the accidental death of her master and his wife. By the will of their owners, she was granted her greatest wish since her grandparents were taken from their homeland of Guinea. She prays to the Savior to make men like Andrew Jackson suffer due to their non-Christian beliefs which enslave human beings. public gallery member #3: Rhett Tobacco Butler (Pro-Jackson)Mr. Butler has become one of the wealthiest tobacco farmers in Georgia. He is known throughout Atlanta as the toughest and smartest business man in the South. Mr. Butler does not see how his investment in slave labor is any different than investing in one of America’s growing joint stock companies. An investment is an investment. Also, he doesn’t see what the big deal is; his slaves lead secured lives with plenty of food, shelter, and camaraderie. In his opinion, they live better than most Americans! Issue Six:Peggy Eaton Affair This incident threatened Jackson’s political future.By outwardly supporting Mrs. Eaton, Jackson ostracized the social elite and threatened the social order. His Vice President, John Calhoun, resigned from his position, in part due to this controversy. witness #1: Peggy Eaton (Pro-Jackson) A daughter of Washington tavern owner, she married the Secretary of War John Eaton. She was not allowed at many Washington social functions because of her background. witness #2: Floride Calhoun (Anti-Jackson) Floride is the wife of John C. Calhoun, Senator from South Carolina. She refused to be seen in public or private with women of low social standing.She is a southern belle and was raised in a very wealthy family. She thinks Peggy Eaton is deplorable. public gallery member #1: Katherine Baldwin (Anti-Jackson) Miss Baldwin is a member of Boston’s young social elite. She is currently taking courses appropriate for young women her age and in her position in life. After being presented at her Cotillion, this debutante became the dream of many upstanding young men in her community. She cannot believe that the President of the United States would support such an unworthy, classless woman like Peggy Eaton. She is disgusted. ublic gallery member #2: Steven J. Eaton (Pro-Jackson) The brother of John Eaton, Secretary of War in Jackson’s Cabinet, and sister-in-law to Peggy, is overwhelmed by the publicity surrounding the President and his family. He is shocked that people have reacted in the emotional fashion exhibited is certain social circles around the country. He sees Peggy as the true definition of the American dream; a real rags to riches story. Her honorable current lifestyle not only is appropriate for a politician’s wife in his opinion, but actually a role model to young women around the nation.